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SLEEP
MEDICINE

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with adequate sleep. The study also found that the sleep-deprived sur- 5. Nagai, M, Hoshide, S and Kario, K. (2010). Sleep duration as a risk
geons were more likely to perform ill-executed surgical maneuvers. Ad- factor for cardiovascular disease-a review of the recent literature.
ditionally, chronic sleep deprivation affects cognitive function in ways Current cardiology reviews, 6(1), 54–61. https://doi.org/10.2174/
that go beyond diminished work performance. Those who suffer from 157340310790231635
chronic sleep deprivation are also more at risk of falls, motor vehicle 6. Suni, E and Callender, E. (2023, October 30). How sleep deprivation
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accidents and injuries. affects your heart. Sleep Foundation. https://www.sleepfounda-
Sleep deprivation comes at a cost, not just to patients, but to medical tion.org/sleep-deprivation/how-sleep-deprivation-affects-your-
residents. It is important for medical residents to maintain proper sleep heart
hygiene during these years of training to prevent negative health out- 7. Gottlieb, DJ, Punjabi, NM, Newman, AB, Resnick, HE, Redline, S,
comes in the future. The demands and difficulties of residency may Baldwin, CM and Nieto, FJ. (2005). Association of Sleep Time
make this hard to maintain. There are certain measures that residents with diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance. Archives of
and residency programs can use to prevent sleep deprivation and its as- Internal Medicine, 165(8), 863–867. https://doi.org/
sociated health risks. Some helpful measures include limiting caf- 10.1001/archinte. 165.8.863
feinated drinks, avoiding electronics before bed, and exercising 8. Hirotsu, C, Tufik, S and Andersen, ML. (2015). Interactions be-
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regularly as much as one’s schedule allows. These techniques can tween sleep, stress, and metabolism: From physiological to patho-
lessen disruptions and increase the duration of sleep. logical conditions. Sleep science (Sao Paulo, Brazil), 8(3), 143–152.
Effective sleep education should also be prioritized in programs. By https://doi.org/10.1016/j.slsci.2015.09.002
providing education on sleep hygiene, residents can feel supported by 9. Diekelmann, S. (2014). Sleep for cognitive enhancement. Frontiers
their program and acquire knowledge on how to optimize their sleep. in Systems Neuroscience, 8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnsys.
However, sleep education by itself is unlikely to significantly influence 2014.00046
residents' well-being; it is also important to make sure that initiatives 10. Verweij, IM, Romeijn, N, Smit, DJ, Piantoni, G, Van Someren, EJ
are implemented to foster such wellbeing. For example, offering free and van der Werf, YD. (2014). Sleep deprivation leads to a loss of
transportation to residents after a long shift may have a greater impact functional connectivity in frontal brain regions. BMC Neuro-
on their sleep hygiene than a short presentation on the topic. science, 15(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2202-15-88
The prevention of sleep deprivation during medical training is a com- 11. Veasey, S, Rosen, R, Barzansky, B, Rosen, I and Owens, J. (2002).
plex issue that will necessitate collaboration between multiple institu- Sleep loss and fatigue in residency training. JAMA, 288(9), 1116–
tions in order to be effectively addressed. Until then, it is necessary for 1124. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.288.9.1116
us all to promote an environment that encourages sleep in the world 12. Barger, LK, Ayas, NT, Cade, BE, Cronin, JW, Rosner, B, Speizer,
of medicine. FE and Czeisler, CA. (2006). Impact of extended-duration shifts
on medical errors, adverse events, and attentional failures. PLoS
References: Medicine, 3(12). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0030487
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10.1093/sleep/27.2.217 tional Academies Press. https://doi.org/10.17226/11617
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https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/sleep/why-sleep-important foundation.org/sleep-hygiene
4. Gangwisch, JE, Heymsfield, SB, Boden-Albala, B, Buijs, RM, Kreier,
F, Pickering, TG, Rundle, AG, Zammit, GK and Malaspina, D. Victoria Ayodele is a medical student at the Long School of
(2006). Short sleep duration as a risk factor for hypertension. Hy- Medicine, Class of 2026. She is a member of the BCMS Publica-
pertension, 47(5), 833–839 tions Committee.
https://doi.org/10.1161/01.hyp.0000217362.34748.e0

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