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BRAIN HEALTH

size helmet safety, and continue the process of creating a culture where ucation/safety-guides/sports-fitness-and-recreation-bicycles/
wearing helmets is the norm. Education on helmet safety can shift per- which-helmet-which-activity
ceptions and behaviors toward prevention. Some of us remember when 12. Siervo, M., Shannon, O.M., Llewellyn, D.J., Stephan, B.C.,
cyclists and skiers wearing helmets were scorned. Wear that helmet! Fontana, L. Mediterranean Diet and Cognitive Function:
From Methodology to Mechanisms of Action. Free Radical
Biology & Medicine. 2021;176:105-117. doi:10.1016/j.freerad-
Conclusion biomed.2021.09.018
Taking proactive steps to prevent TBIs through helmet use is cru- 13. Ahlskog, J.E., Geda, Y.E., Graff-Radford, N.R., Petersen, R.C.
cial to prioritizing brain health. As physicians, we can also promote Physical Exercise as a Preventive or Disease-Modifying Treat-
long-term cognitive resilience by encouraging healthy lifestyle choices ment of Dementia and Brain Aging. Mayo Clinic Proceedings.
like good nutrition, regular exercise, proper sleep, cognitive stimula- 2011;86(9):876-84. doi:10.4065/mcp.2011.0252
tion and effective stress management. 12-17 By embracing these strat- 14. Beyer, J.L., Dix, E., Husain-Krautter, S., Kyomen, H.H. Enhanc-
egies, you are protecting your mind and enhancing its strength and ing Brain Health and Well-Being in Older Adults: Innova-
functionality. Safeguard your brain and wear that helmet! tions in Lifestyle Interventions. Current Psychiatry Reports.
2024;26(8):405-412. doi:10.1007/s11920-024-01513-4
References: 15. Kimura, N., Sasaki, Y., Masuda, T., et al. Lifestyle Factors That
1. Nordström, A., Nordström, P. Traumatic Brain Injury and the Affect Cognitive Function—a Longitudinal Objective Analysis.
Risk of Dementia Diagnosis: A Nationwide Cohort Study. Frontiers in Public Health. 2023;11:1215419. doi:10.3389/
PLoS Medicine. 2018;15(1):e1002496. doi:10.1371/journal. fpubh.2023.1215419
pmed.1002496 16. García-García, I., Donica, O., Cohen, A.A., et al. Maintaining
2. Graham, N.S., Sharp, D.J. Understanding Neurodegeneration Brain Health Across the Lifespan. Neuroscience and Biobe-
After Traumatic Brain Injury: From Mechanisms to Clinical Tri- havioral Reviews. 2023;153:105365. doi:10.1016/j.neubior-
als in Dementia. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychi- ev.2023.105365
atry. 2019;90(11):1221-1233. doi:10.1136/jnnp-2017-317557 17. Lazar, R.M., Howard, V.J., Kernan, W.N., et al. A Primary Care
3. Brett, B.L., Gardner, R.C., Godbout, J., Dams-O’Connor, K., Agenda for Brain Health: A Scientific Statement From the
Keene, C.D. Traumatic Brain Injury and Risk of Neurodegen- American Heart Association. Stroke. 2021;52(6):e295-e308.
erative Disorder. Biological Psychiatry. 2022;91(5):498-507. doi:10.1161/STR.0000000000000367
doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2021.05.025 18. Waltzman, D.W., Thomas, K.E., Sarmiento, K. Trends in Emer-
4. Rao, V., McCann, U., Han, D., Bergey, A., Smith, M.T. Does gency Department Visits for Contact Sports-Related Traumatic
Acute TBI-related Sleep Disturbance Predict Subsequent Neuro- Brain Injuries Among Children — United States, 2001–2018.
psychiatric Disturbances? Brain Injury. 2014;28(1):20-6. doi:10. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 2020
3109/02699052.2013.847210 19. Barker, S., Paul, B.D., Pieper, A.A. Increased Risk of Aging-Re-
5. Perry, D.C., Sturm, V.E., Peterson, M.J., et al. Association of lated Neurodegenerative Disease after Traumatic Brain Injury.
Traumatic Brain Injury With Subsequent Neurological and Biomedicines. 2023;11(4):1154. Published 2023 Apr 11.
Psychiatric Disease: A Meta-Analysis. Journal of Neurosurgery. doi:10.3390/biomedicines11041154
2016;124(2):511-26. doi:10.3171/2015.2.JNS14503 20. Shively, S., Scher, A.I., Perl, D.P., Diaz-Arrastia, R. Dementia
6. Always, Y., Gould, K.R., Johnston, L., McKenzie, D., Ponsford, J. Resulting from Traumatic Brain Injury: What Is the Pathology?
A Prospective Examination of Axis I Psychiatric Disorders in the Arch. Neurol. 2012;69:1245–1251. doi: 10.1001/archneu-
First 5 Years Following Moderate to Severe Traumatic Brain Inju- rol.2011.3747
ry. Psychological Medicine. 2016;46(6):1331-41. doi:10.1017/
S0033291715002986 Brandon Goff, DO, FAAPMR, is an Adjunct Associate Clinical
7. Werner, J.K., Shahim, P., Pucci, J.U., et al. Poor Sleep Correlates Professor at the University of the Incarnate Word School of
With Biomarkers of Neurodegeneration in Mild Traumatic Brain Osteopathic Medicine and Associate Professor at F. Edward Hebert
Injury Patients: A CENC Study. Sleep. 2021;44(6):zsaa272. School of Medicine Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences.
doi:10.1093/sleep/zsaa272 He completed residency at Walter Reed Army Medical Center and fellowship
8. Forbes, A.E., Schutzer-Weissmann, J., Menassa, D.A., Wilson,
M.H. Head Injury Patterns in Helmeted and Non-Helmeted at Johns Hopkins. He served as his specialty Consultant to the Army Surgeon
Cyclists Admitted to a London Major Trauma Centre With Seri- General, as Program Director for the local military Multidisciplinary Pain
ous Head Injury. PloS One. 2017;12(9):e0185367. doi:10.1371/ Medicine fellowship, as the Director of the Center for the Intrepid, and as
journal.pone.0185367 Chief of the Department of Rehabilitation before retiring from the Army.
9. Sethi, M., Heidenberg, J., Wall, S.P., et al. Bicycle Helmets He has worked as a civilian PM&R physician and pain specialist in various
Are Highly Protective Against Traumatic Brain Injury With- capacities in San Antonio. Dr. Goff volunteers at the Corazon Medical Clinic
in a Dense Urban Setting. Injury. 2015;46(12):2483-90. and is a member of the Bexar County Medical Society.
doi:10.1016/j.injury.2015.07.030
10. Lee, L.K., Flaherty, M.R., Blanchard, A.M., Agarwal, M. Hel- Cooper Allenbrand, OMS-IV, is a medical student at the
met Use in Preventing Head Injuries in Bicycling, Snow Sports, University of the Incarnate Word School of Osteopathic Medicine.
and Other Recreational Activities and Sports. Pediatrics.
2022;150(3):e2022058877. doi:10.1542/peds.2022-058877
11. U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission. Which helmet for Austin Smith, OMS-IV, is a medical student at the University of
which activity? Bethesda (MD): CPSC; 2022 May 13 [cited the Incarnate Word School of Osteopathic Medicine.
2025 May 7]. Available from: https://www.cpsc.gov/safety-ed-
Visit us at www.bcms.org 23